New Business of Sony

Executive Summary Sony is going to start a new business in Saudi Arabia as a part of its brand expansion. However, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the background of the company, internal strengths and weaknesses, external opportunities and threats of the new projects of Sony and Michael Porter’s Five Generic Strategies and environmental situation analysis.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on New Business of Sony specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Sony Corporation was formed in 1946 with center of operations in Japan and this company is the world’s largest media conglomerate, one of the biggest manufacturers of the electronics items and worldwide top 20 semiconductors leader of sales, which generates revenue by more than  ¥7,214.0 billion. Moreover, Sony uses complicated organizational structure in order to control the functions of its outlets and according to the structure, Howard Stringer is the chairperson, CEO, and head of company amongst delegate business decision-making officials of Sony, whilst Ryoji-Chubachi is the vice-chairman, Kazuo-Hirai is the administrative deputy-president, etc. Company Background Before starting a new telecommunication business in Saudi Arabia, it is important for Sony to focus on its current position and background to help the concerned strategy makers to designate the way in which it would be best for the company to accomplish its new business project. In order to do so, it is necessary to consider its financial position, product lines, competitive forces, as well as the performance of Sony in stock market. It is arguable that the firm has categorized into seven major production departments, as the main manufactured items of the firm comprises auditory, video, TV, ICT devices, electrical apparatuses, and semi conductors; the following table shows the five years financial overview generated by each of the production de partments of the firm for a better understanding of its financial background – Factors Determining the Financial Position Yr – 03/ 2008 Yr – 03/ 2009 Yr – 03/ 2010 Yr – 03/ 2011 Revenues –  ¥ 8,201,839 m  ¥ 7,110,053 m  ¥ 6,293,005 m  ¥ 6,304,401 m Total Revenues –  ¥ 8,871,414 m  ¥ 7,729,993 m  ¥ 7,213,998 m  ¥ 7,181,273 m Cost of Goods-Sold  ¥ 6,278,075 m  ¥ 5,660,504 m  ¥ 4,872,042 m  ¥ 4,826,612 m Gross-Profit  ¥ 2,063,033 m  ¥ 1,521,664 m  ¥ 1,670,406 m  ¥ 1,678,873 m Total General-sales and Admin-Expenses  ¥ 1,707,650 m  ¥ 1,629,705 m  ¥ 1,470,901 m  ¥ 1,464,063 m Other Operating-Expenses  ¥ 1,707,650 m  ¥ 1,629,705 m  ¥ 1,470,901 m  ¥ 1,464,063 m Operating-Income  ¥ 355,383 m  ¥ – 108,041 m  ¥ 199,505 m  ¥ 214,810 m Net Interest-Expense  ¥ 411,341 m  ¥ – 2,059 m  ¥ – 9,314 m  ¥ – 12,126 m Earnings of continued-Operat ions  ¥ 363,656 m  ¥ – 102,214 m  ¥ 12,954 m  ¥ – 220,326 m Net-Income  ¥ 369,435 m  ¥ – 98,938 m  ¥ – 40,802 m  ¥ – 259,585 m Table 1: Financial Overview of Sony Corporation Source: Self generated from Bloomberg Businessweek (2011)Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As shown in the figure below, the business has suffered awfully during the global financial crisis due to the reason that the demand fell tremendously. Although the business possesses a strong financial background as discussed above, this crisis put a great adverse impact over the company. However, although the business started recovering from the very beginning of 2010, the recent creeping inflation, and the slight presence of recession that started from September 2011, has again caused a sudden drop on the share prices of the business, which is goin g below gradually – Figure 1: Basic chart of Sony Corporation Source: Bloomberg Businessweek (2011) According to Bloomberg Businessweek (2011), Sony Corporation disclosed its estimated first quarter report in September 2011 and the graph below shows that the quarterly turnovers are not as impressive as it was supposed to be owing to the size and business structure of Sony as the expected quarterly revenues are $1.5 trillion, which prepared by the eight analysts. However, these turnovers are quite lower than the last financial year by about 5.4 percent, which means that the new stroke of the recession has already started to hit the firm’s revenues once again like 2008 –Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on New Business of Sony specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 2: First quarter revenues 2012 of Sony Corporation Source: Reuters (2011) The Mission and Vision of Sony Corporation Dogru er, Ferzly, and Nguyen (2001) argues that the company’s mission is to build up a broad-range of innovative-products and multimedia services that can assure consumers’ access to let them enjoy digital entertainment by making sure synergy between segments within the group; so, Sony’s aim is to create new worlds of entertainment continuously that can be present on variously assorted arenas. According to Sony Corporation (2011), the company’s vision is to generate thrillingly new-fangled digital pursuit experiences for customers by bringing collectively forward-looking products with generation of latest contents and services; the main focus is to strengthen Sony’s much repeated electronics business and preserve market leadership in high profile areas such as TVs, digital imaging, home video equipment, and transportable audio. Sony’s visions connect the entire firm; it aims to experience the ecstasy of progressing by applying technology for assis tance of community, endorse education of science amongst people, reconstruct Japan, and to raise the country’s traditions through vibrant scientific and manufacturing actions, direct all workers in every segment along trails that escort to pioneering and exciting ways to enhance the world. Moreover, as Sony’s new vision is to start a new business in Saudi Arabia concerning telecommunication services, it would start to focus on developing the networking of the country by expending more on the research and development department in order to bring up new technologies that Saudi Arabians have never ever experienced before.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SWOT Analysis of Sony’s New Business Strengths Brand Awareness: Sony’s brand image has great influence on the global customers, which always help this company to diversify product line and expand its business in new marketplace. Employees: This Company has more than 168,200 employees who are working with team spirit to face any challenge in the competitive market and to increase loyal customer base in global market. However, the experience of the workforce would assist the management of Sony to introduce telecommunication services in Saudi Arabia. Financial position: according to 2010 income statements, it generated consolidated-sales and operating income of  ¥7,181,300m, which indicates this Company has enough financial capabilities to establish telecommunication network in Saudi Arabia; however, the subsequent table shows the financial capabilities of SONY – Variables 2008 (Yen) 2009 (Yen) 2010 (Yen) Sales and operating revenue 8.90 trillions 7.70 trill ions 7.20 trillions Operating income (loss) 475.30 billions (227.80) billions 31.80 billions RD investment 520.60 billions 497.30 billions 432.0 billions ROE 10.8% -3.1% -1.4% Table 1: Financial information of Sony Source: Self generated from Sony Corporation (2010) Technology: This is one of the most important factors for Sony, as the company needs to upgrade product line and services considering market demand as well as competitors’ product range. However, the marketers of new business plan would like to capture the Saudi market by offering different value added telecommunication services and strong strategic network of vendors by developing technology; so, they would invest large amount for technological advancement to ensure the best telecommunication services. Quality: Sony provides highest efforts on quality products and it has considered an icon for high quality products, so, the customers of global market are highly satisfied with this brand, for example, Son y television and other electronics successfully captured about 22% shares of the European market in 2009 and retail sales revenue from such electronics products were approximately  £10.0 bn. Rapid Expansion: According to the annual report 2010 of this company, Sony experienced huge success in case of global expansion because of quality, price of the products, marketing strategies, human resource plan, strong leadership, and so on. Thus, business expansion and new product developments are the key strategies of Sony that inspire the company to offer telecommunication services in the Saudi Arabia as this country provides some facilities to the foreign companies to enter this market. Corporate Governance: the Board members of Sony maintain corporate governance system with high degree of compliance with general norms of corporate practice and pay care to the local legislation, follow Companies Act 2006 and the guidance of the recommendations of the reports and so on. Corporate Social R esponsibility: In addition, the CSR practices of the company would help the company operate its telecommunication services in KSA as it has a significant level of budgetary involvement for development of CSR[1] policy and practice. Customer Base: However, the strong base of loyal customers has turned as competitive advantage of the company and the existing customer base is gradually increasing, which would be core competence in Saudi market in order to develop its telecommunication services. Weakness Operating costs: Under the pressure of adverse economic position, the risk of high operating costs can be one of the major weak points for Sony’s new business while business expansion in the foreign country is a costly process. Others: the external environment of the business, pricing, and availability of products and services for all sorts of customers, relatively small budget for promotional activities, and expatriates management are the weak points to operate Saudi Market. Fi gure 3: SWOT Analysis of Sony Source: Self generated from Opportunities Long Experience: Sony has long experience to continue its journey with remarkable footprint in the market, as this company was established in 1946 and become market leader of electronic market in EU zone. Market leadership: At the same time, Sony is also popular to the customers of Asian Countries and it has enough financial capabilities to expand its market with new products and it has the opportunity to be the market leader within the target period; thus, it would be able to capture a significant part of market share of Saudi Telecommunication industry. Cross-cultural centre: As a large multinational company, this company has opportunity to increase its brand awareness in Saudi market by adopting effective strategies, using capital more efficiently, and providing special facilities to the expatriates. Demand: Telecommunication is a prospective sector of Saudi Arabia as numbers of subscribers of both local and foreign telecommunication companies are rapidly increasing here, for instance, Etihad Etisalat Company (Mobily) attracted more than 17.0 million subscribers within six months of its operation. Easy to enter: Saudi Arabia is now member of World Tread Organization, which gives the opportunity to the multinationals to enter this market easily by applying any entry mode strategies, such as, joint venture or partnership; therefore, Sony has scope to joint venture with any renowned telecommunication company like Saudi Telecom Company (STC). Diversification: According to the annual report 2010 of Sony Corporation, it is highly diversified company and it diversified its products both vertically and horizontally; consequently, new business project of Sony has scope to increase integrate profits within very short period. Threats Competitors: The existence of strong competitors in this market are one of the main threats for Sony Corporation while the competitors offer networking, internet and telecommunication services at lower price and use effective strategies considering their local culture. However, Saudi Telecom Company (STC), Arabian Internet Communication Services, and Etihad Etisalat Company (Mobily) are the market leaders, those offer landlines, mobile phone, and internet service and so on. Global Financial Crisis: It has huge financial risks to invest large fund in economic downturn and unstable market; therefore, the Board of Directors of Sony may not pass the investment plan, which would design to introduce telecommunication service in Saudi Arabia. Merger: Merger with foreign companies may also subject of financial risks and it can destroy the image and originality of the product line of the parent company; therefore, it can fail to capture expected market share due to high competition and cultural gap. Legal issues: Multinational companies are not interested to operate their business in Saudi Market due to frequent change of regulation and strict Islamic l aw, as it increases the costs to mitigate legal claims. In addition, multinational companies like Coca-cola, Starbucks, and Sony Corporation pointed out that it is difficult for the company to practice their key values and corporate codes in KSA, for instance, Coca-cola experienced problem to promote products, Starbucks complained against the strict law for women and Sony ensured equal opportunities for all but here it is not possible to practice. Porter’s Five Forces or Micro Environment Analysis of Sony Threat of New Entrants: Threat of New Entrants is very low because of large investment required to enter telecommunication industry and it is difficult for any company to follow the rules and regulations of Saudi Arabia at initial stage. However, well-established multinational companies enter this prospective market by using several entry route strategies, such as they apply Joint Venture strategy to share competitive advantage and resources of other company; Bargaining Powe r of Customers: This power is relatively high in Saudi telecommunication sector as the customers are highly concern about the price of the products along with the quality of the telecommunication service; therefore, most of the Telecommunication service providers in Saudi Arabia try to offer quality service at low price. As a result, the switching off costs become too low to purchase the products of another company while the purchasing power of the Saudi Arabian customers are too high, therefore, the concept of customer loyalty is totally absent in the telecommunication industry of KSA. However, figure four shows Porter’s five forces Figure 4: Porter 5 forces of Sony Source: Self generated Bargaining Power of Suppliers: According to the report of telecommunication service providers in Saudi Arabia, the bargaining power of the suppliers is moderately high. However, technological support providers, machinery suppliers, and other raw material suppliers are the key suppliers in the telecommunication industry; therefore, Sony needs to maintain good relationship with the suppliers by imputing flexible provisions in the agreement and clearing dues on time. Threat of Substitutes: At present, the bargaining power of substitute products is too high in telecommunication industry, for instance, the customer can contact using e-mail service and can talk using Yahoo messengers, Google messengers, skype and so on. As a result, the importance of telephone for communication has reduced slowly, but this company can experience lose if the customers become more familiar with the services of substitute products. Competitive Rivalry: The competition among existing companies is extremely high as market leader of Saudi Telecommunication industry was losing market share due to high competitive market and new entrants; however, the following tables show the Financial Overview of STC and Mobily to compare the position of an old and a new company in this industry. Variables 20 08 (SR’ m) 2009 (SR’ m) 2010 (SR’ m) Total assets 26,600.45 29,220.21 29,538.41 Total liabilities 57,200.26 58,754.53 57,316.57 Total Equity 42,561.88 50,832.95 53,464.35 Total operating expenses (33,566.43) (18,187.11) (19,344.29) Operating Income 13,902.94 12,813.59 10,978.31 Net income (loss) 11,037.85 12,021.73 11,037.85 Table 2: Financial Overview of STC Source: Self generated from STC (2010) Variables 2008 (SR’ m) 2009 (SR’ m) 2010 (SR’ m) Total assets 27,191.55 30,821.79 33,430.45 Total liabilities 17,437.24 17,850.78 18,578.61 Total Equity 9,754.31 12,243.18 15,576.66 Total operating expenses (3,525.14) (4,338.67) (4,428.63) Gross Profit 6,021.05 7,546.55 8,783.42 Net income (loss) 2,091.783 3,013.87 4,211.48 Table 3: Financial Overview of Mobily Source: self-generated from Mobily (2010) Porter’s Generic Strategies for Sony’s New Telecommunications Business In order to start a new teleco mmunication business in Saudi Arabia, it is essential for Sony Corporation to identify a suitable strategy through which it would be able to compete more aggressively in the extensive rivalry on the telecommunication sector of Saudi Arabia. The following table shows three generic strategies introduced by Michael Porter, which would help the firm’s strategy makers to decide which one of these would suit the firm best to inaugurate the new business and bring about success at the very beginning of penetrating the market. The explanations of the generic strategies are given below to help the firm in making the decision about the choice of the initial market entry strategy- Generic Strategies Cost Leadership Differentiation Focus Assessment of the strategy and suitability Cost leadership means charging the customers with the lowest per unit (or average) cost in the industry; however, achieving a low cost position usually requires some resources and skills to enable low cost production, for example, massive capital investment in new technology that leads to large market share in the long-run, continued capital investment to maintain cost advantage through economies of scale and market share, developing cheaper ways to produce existing products, intensive monitoring of labor, where workers frequently have an incentive-based pay structure, etc Differentiating the product offering of a firm means building something that has perceived industry wide as being unique – it is a mean of making a firm’s own market to some extent; however, several approaches of differentiation are present that includes different design, brand image, number of features, etc; moreover, achieving a successful differentiation usually requires exclusivity, strong marketing skills, product innovation, applied RD, customer support; and less emphasis on incentive based pay structure Cost focus The corporation can make use of the cost leadership or differentiation approach with consideration of the focus strategy; so, if Sony uses the cost focus approach, it would simply aim for a cost advantage in its intended market section or present a range of interestingly priced items to a diminutive and specialized faction of purchasers Why this strategy is safe Why this strategy is safe Differentiation focus It protects the firm from powerful buyers who can drive price down only to the level of the next most efficient producer besides of defending against powerful suppliers; moreover, cost leadership provides elasticity to soak up an increase in input costs, whilst rivals may not have this flexibility; conversely, the factors that lead to cost leadership also provide entry barriers in many instances; economies of scale require probable rivals to come into the industry with considerable capacity to manufacture, and this means the cost of entry may be excessive to many potential competitors It insulates a firm from competitive rivalry by creating brand loya lty and reduces the price elasticity of demand by making consumers less sensitive to price changes in the products; besides, distinctiveness, almost by definition, builds barriers and reduces substitutes; in addition, this leads to higher margins, which reduces the need for a low-cost advantage; conversely, higher margins give the firm room to deal with powerful suppliers; differentiation also mitigates buyer power since buyers now have fewer alternatives As firms could make use of the focus strategy by focusing on a particular alcove in the market and presenting specialized products for that niche, if a company is using the differentiation focus approach, it would endeavor for differentiation in its target segment merely, and not in the entire market; it is arguable that this strategy provides the company the possibility to charge a premium price for superior quality Table 4: Porter’s Generic Strategies for New Telecommunications Business Source: Self generated In cost le adership, Sony will have to become the lowest cost producer in telecommunications business industry; the sources of cost advantage would vary depending on the structure of the industry in KSA; this may include pursuit of economies of scale, proprietary-technology, preferential-access to raw-materials and other factors; a low cost producer must find and exploit all sources of cost advantage. If Sony can attain and prolong general cost leadership, then it will be an above-average player in its industry, provided it can command prices at or near the industry-average; with this strategy, the objective is to become the lowest-cost manufacturer in the industry; many (perhaps all) market fragments in the industry are supplied with the importance placed to minimize costs. If the attained selling charge is at least alike (or close to) the average of the market, then the cheapest manufacturer would get pleasure from the best profits; however, this strategy is frequently connected with all-enc ompassing companies offering â€Å"standard† items with comparatively small differentiations that are absolutely satisfactory to the majority of consumers; moreover, this strategy further increases market share. In differentiation strategy, firms try to be idiosyncratic in the market for several characteristics that have extensively appreciated by buyers; they choose features that many purchasers distinguish as noteworthy, and so exclusively position the business to meet those needs; additionally, they are rewarded for its uniqueness with a premium price; however, clear reasons to prefer the product should be present. This strategy comprises choosing one or more principles used by buyers in a market – and then positioning the business exceptionally to meet those criteria; it is usually allied with indicting a premium price for the item habitually to mirror the superior production costs and additional value-added features provided for the consumers; differentiation more than covers the additional production costs. Focus strategy rests on the alternative of contracted competitive scope within an industry, as the focuser selects a section or group of segments in the market and tailors its strategy to serving them to the segregation of others; the focus strategy has two alternatives – cost and differentiation focus; in cost focus firm seeks cost advantage in its target segment. Here, a business seeks a lower cost advantage just in or on a little number of market sections; moreover, the manufactured goods would be fundamental – possibly a comparable item for consumption to the higher priced and attributed market leader, but satisfactory to adequate customers; such items for consumptions are often called â€Å"me too† items; this often exploits differences in cost-behavior. Conversely, through differentiation focus, firms create differentiation in their intended fragment; both alternates of the focus strategy rest on dissimilaritie s amid a focuser’s intended fragments and other sections in the market; intended fragments should either possess purchasers with atypical needs or else production and delivery system that best serves the intended fragment should differ from that of other industry segments. Differentiation focus exploits the special needs of buyers in certain niche segments, where a firm creates competitive advantage through demarcation within the niche or section; however, some possible troubles exist with the niche approach; for example, small, dedicated niches could depart in the long-term. Best Fitting Strategy for Sony’s New Telecommunication Business As discussed above, in cost leadership, producers offer goods, which are very common or similar to those of the rivals’; therefore, they try to charge lower prices to compete in the market. Moreover, little or no distinction has noticed in the items for sale those are offered by the cost leader and its competitors. In addition, being a successful cost leader is only possible when the production costs of the items has kept substantially lower than the other players in the market; besides, it is also important for the firm to ensure that it operates in economies of scale. It is significant to note that like most of the other products and services that Sony offers, its new telecommunications business would be differentiated as well, possessing a rage of different features that other telecommunication businesses in Saudi Arabia cannot afford with the outdated technological instruments. In this context because of using the latest technological tools and hi- tech amenities that are specially designed by the research and development team of the company, where massive expenditures were carried out owing to facilitate innovative idea regarding ICT and telecommunications, it is quite natural for the firm that it cannot put its production costs at very lower level. This indicates that because of very costly producti on process and highly differentiated services that possess a wide variety of new features which any other Saudi Arabian telecom firm may not offer so easily, cost leadership is not at a suitable generic strategy for Sony’s new business. On the other hand, it is notable to argue that Sony always aim its products and services to mass people, and it always perceives the idea that its innovation is not for any particular group or ethnic origin, rather, for the entire humanity on the planet. Owing to this vision of the corporation, it is usual that the new telecom business that it is commencing would not necessarily be for any niche in the market, but for all the Saudi Arabians who would love to take the opportunity from this awesome technological advancement of ICT and telecommunications. For this rationale, the â€Å"focus† strategy will also not be the best generic tactic for this business to follow. Under this circumstance because of high production costs, extreme diffe rentiations, and much consideration given to mass consumer base, it would be best for the company to go for differentiation strategy to start its new telecom business. Assessment of the Differentiation Strategy in Unpredictable Environment Differentiation strategy is not only the most suitable tactic for Sony to enter the telecom sector, but rather, a sustained differentiation would mean that under unpredictable environment, the sales of its telecom services would not get lower. Unpredictable environment may include declining demand that results from falling purchasing power of the customer and recession. If the recent creeping-inflation throughout the globe together with the slight presence of recession that started from September 2011 may cause a massive fall of demand in the future, therefore, highly differentiated services mean, the service would turn out to be a necessity for people, where falling purchasing power would have little impact because of the â€Å"inelasticity† that it offers. Conclusion As discussed throughout the paper, it is prospective for Sony to start a new business in KSA. However, the decision makers should consider all sides of this investment, together with risks, weaknesses, and the strategic fits before starting the business. Reference List Bloomberg Businessweek (2011). Earnings Estimates Summary – SONY CORP-SPONSORED ADR (SNE). Retrieved from http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/earnings/earnings.asp?ticker=SNE:US Bloomberg Businessweek (2011). Sony Corp-Sponsored ADR (SNE: New York). Retrieved from http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=SNE:US Dogruer, B., Ferzly, M., Nguyen, H. (2001). Report on Sony Corporation. Retrieved from http://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena/course/15/15.249c/Sony.pdf Mobily (2010) Consolidated Financial Statements and Auditors’ Report for the Year Ended December 31, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.mobily.com.sa/pv_obj_cache/pv_obj _id_06EF6A1C41DF81A39BC9618CB845090208465500/filename/2010%20CFS%20EN.pdf Reuters (2011). Sony Corp (6758.T). Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/chart?symbol=6758.T Sony Corporation (2010) Annual Report 2010 of Sony Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/IR/financial/ar/8ido18000003dkyy-att/8ido18000003dl0u.pdf Sony Corporation (2011). Company Profile. Retrieved from http://www.sony-europe.com/article/id/1178278971157 STC (2010) Consolidated Financial Statements for the Year Ended December 31, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.stc.com.sa/cws/content/en//stc/files/Financial-Statements/Annual-FS-2010-E.pdf Footnotes Corporate Social Responsibility This research paper on New Business of Sony was written and submitted by user Brennan L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Computer Crime

Computer Crime Is Increasing A report discussing the proposition that computer crime has increased dramatically over the last 10 years. Introduction Computer crime is generally defined as any crime accomplished through special knowledge of computer technology. Increasing instances of white-collar crime involve computers as more businesses automate and the information held by the computers becomes an important asset. Computers can also become objects of crime when they or their contents are damaged, for example when vandals attack the computer itself, or when a "computer virus" (a program capable of altering or erasing computer memory) is introduced into a computer system. As subjects of crime, computers represent the electronic environment in which frauds are programmed and executed; an example is the transfer of money balances in accounts to perpetrators' accounts for withdrawal. Computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts. Examples of these types of crimes are complex embezzlements that might occur over long periods of time, or when a computer operator uses a computer to steal or alter valuable information from an employer. Variety and Extent Since the first cases were reported in 1958, computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery. One study of 1,500 computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer users within businesses i.e. persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. Much of known computer crime has consisted of entering false data into computers. This method of computer crime is simpler and safer than the complex process of writing a program to change data already in the computer. Now that personal computers with the ability to communicate by telephone are prevalent in our society, increas... Free Essays on Computer Crime Free Essays on Computer Crime Computer Crime Is Increasing A report discussing the proposition that computer crime has increased dramatically over the last 10 years. Introduction Computer crime is generally defined as any crime accomplished through special knowledge of computer technology. Increasing instances of white-collar crime involve computers as more businesses automate and the information held by the computers becomes an important asset. Computers can also become objects of crime when they or their contents are damaged, for example when vandals attack the computer itself, or when a "computer virus" (a program capable of altering or erasing computer memory) is introduced into a computer system. As subjects of crime, computers represent the electronic environment in which frauds are programmed and executed; an example is the transfer of money balances in accounts to perpetrators' accounts for withdrawal. Computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts. Examples of these types of crimes are complex embezzlements that might occur over long periods of time, or when a computer operator uses a computer to steal or alter valuable information from an employer. Variety and Extent Since the first cases were reported in 1958, computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery. One study of 1,500 computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer users within businesses i.e. persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. Much of known computer crime has consisted of entering false data into computers. This method of computer crime is simpler and safer than the complex process of writing a program to change data already in the computer. Now that personal computers with the ability to communicate by telephone are prevalent in our society, increas... Free Essays on Computer Crime A report discussing the proposition that computer crime has increased dramatically over the last 10 years. Introduction Computer crime is generally defined as any crime accomplished through special knowledge of computer technology. Increasing instances of white-collar crime involve computers as more businesses automate and the information held by the computers becomes an important asset. Computers can also become objects of crime when they or their contents are damaged, for example when vandals attack the computer itself, or when a "computer virus" (a program capable of altering or erasing computer memory) is introduced into a computer system. As subjects of crime, computers represent the electronic environment in which frauds are programmed and executed; an example is the transfer of money balances in accounts to perpetrators' accounts for withdrawal. Computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts. Examples of these types of crimes are complex embezzlements that might occur over long periods of time, or when a computer operator uses a computer to steal or alter valuable information from an employer. Variety and Extent Since the first cases were reported in 1958, computers have been used for most kinds of crime, including fraud, theft, embezzlement, burglary, sabotage, espionage, murder, and forgery. One study of 1,500 computer crimes established that most of them were committed by trusted computer users within businesses i.e. persons with the requisite skills, knowledge, access, and resources. Much of known computer crime has consisted of entering false data into computers. This method of computer crime is simpler and safer than the complex process of writing a program to change data already in the computer. Now that personal computers with the ability to communicate by telephone are prevalent in our society, increasing numbers of crimes have been perpetrated by computer ... Free Essays on Computer Crime Over the last twenty years, a technological revolution has occurred as computers are now an essential element of today's society. Large computers are used to track reservations for the airline industry, process billions of dollars for banks, manufacture products for industry, and conduct major transactions for businesses because more and more people now have computers at home and at the office. People commit computer crimes because of society's declining ethical standards more than any economic need. According to experts, gender is the only bias. The profile of today's non-professional thieves crosses all races, age groups and economic strata. Computer criminals tend to be relatively honest and in a position of trust: few would do anything to harm another human, and most do not consider their crime to be truly dishonest. Most are males: women have tended to be accomplices, though of late they are becoming more aggressive. Computer Criminals tend to usually be "between the ages of 14- 30, they are usually bright, eager, highly motivated, adventuresome, and willing to accept technical challenges."(Shannon, 16:2) "It is tempting to liken computer criminals to other criminals, ascribing characteristics somehow different from 'normal' individuals, but that is not the case."(Sharp, 18:3) It is believed that the computer criminal "often marches to the same drum as the potential victim but follows and unanticipated path."(Blumenthal, 1:2) There is no actual profile of a computer criminal because they range from young teens to elders, from black to white, from short to tall. Definitions of computer crime has changed over the years as the users and misusers of computers have expanded into new areas. "When computers were first introduced into businesses, computer crime was defined simply as a form of white-collar crime committed inside a computer system."(2600:Summer 92,p.13) Some new terms have been added to the computer criminal vocabulary. "Troj...

America Needs A National Health Care System or Insurance Program Research Paper

America Needs A National Health Care System or Insurance Program - Research Paper Example Almost fifty million people lack health insurance, another one more million have problems in their payments, and they are deducted .Almost 45000 die each year for lack of treatment. The infant mortality rates and general death rates rise dangerously each year. This the main reason for the need for a national health care service. Americas lower life expectancy America has thus achieved lower life expectancy, it is evident because of unstable security because of use of lax gun and poor healthcare planning, the ranking of the American men is the lowest with 75.6years and their women 80.7 years, and many reports come from the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. The major contributor to the lower lifespan in America is the lax gun rules (Lewis 83). The shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary school made the lax guns to cater for the blame. The many violent deaths that America experiences have led to the shorter life span in America. Another reason for the lowering of the lifesp an of Americans is the violent deaths that they experience. In every 100000 residents, the United States of America has six violent deaths. The report from the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine says that the united state should not ignore the deaths because they own a lot of money. According to researchers, America is the leading state in violent deaths. This may be because of ownership of guns by citizens. So many citizens own guns illegally. Despite the short lifespan caused by the violent deaths and lax guns security, the consumption of large amounts of calories by the Americans that causes diabetes and involvement in alcohol and many accidents also cause deaths. Consumption of many calories results to diabetes hence early deaths in the United States (Uradnik, Lori, and Sara 109). With the invention ARV’s, AIDS still shorten the lifespan of people, because ARV’S do not eliminate the disease, it just reduces. There are three major causes summed toge ther. This includes the health care system, bad behavior and social and economic factors. Results of American fragmented health care The keeping busy of the emergency rooms is a challenge that has taken long. A report has said that Americans that are un-insured, visit the hospital many times compared to the patients who are insured (Lewis 54). Out of the 354 million, only 42% doctors are there to attend to them, this concludes the fact that there is shortage of the doctors. Another study was in spite of having an increase in the use of MRI in the ER and CT. There is no any increase in the diagnosis of the life-threatening conditions. Doctors have reduced the use of hospitals by eliminating surgery, reducing high-priced diagnostic tests with no improving of the results, removing admissions for episodes that are a cute in chronic diseases and stopping the routine of using emergency rooms for primary care. Field argues that in the time when the admissions of patients will stabilize and the hospitals financed, the hospital must attain value of importance (Simmons 76). That will be time that the medical department will take its role to ensure the practice of provision of quality services, they will also locate niches where the hospital can also make savings and to work out ways in which virtual care is delivered. They would also invent organizations accountable for care and many more organizations that will help connect patients, payers, and the sponsors. It calls for

Identity Theft Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Identity Theft - Assignment Example Such developments have made communication a second task, where a large amount of data and information can be collected and used for a number of purposes easily. However, these developments can be seen as positive for human beings, but these can also be seen as a negative phenomenon. It is usually called as the â€Å"double edged sword†, where it has both bright and dark sides. Though computer and information technology has proved to be much useful for communication and business development, but it has also created new ways for doing illegal or criminal activities (Gordon, Hosmer, Siedsma, & Rebovich, 2003; Smith & Spafford, 2004). Up till now a large number of security threats have been emerged in the world of computing, however the identity theft is believed to be the most crucial among all of them. This paper presents an overview of identity theft. Identity theft is the most prevalent criminal activity found to be threatening to most of the people and businesses, as shown above in figure 1. But there is little empirical and experimental research is conducted over this issue, due to some important reason, such as the detection rate, demographic dimension of the crime, and the criminals; identify-ability (Allisona, Schuck, & Lersch, 2005). Identity theft is a form of cybercrime, which can be defined as, â€Å"identity theft is a misuse of a another person’s identity, such as name, social security number, driver’s license, credit card numbers, and bank account numbers† (Denning, 1999, p. 241). As the definition suggests that identity theft can be done from a number of ways, so there some different kinds of the identity related crime, but the most usual type is the credit card theft, where the credit card numbers are used in order to steal a heavy amount. There is an evidence as per a research conducted by Newman and McNally (2007) that the degree of credit card theft through the Internet has been snowballing as internet

Research method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research method - Essay Example x = ? and ?x = ? * sqrt(1/n - 1/N ) Basing on the mathematical expressions above, it is possible to specify the sampling distribution of the mean unless two conditions are met. First, when the population is said to be normally distributed or otherwise if the sample size is said to be sufficiently large. Secondly, the standard population of the population is known. In this problem, the two conditions are met and, therefore, given the standard deviations, and the means of the five samples given, the mean of the population can be calculated through averaging the sample means. This can be accomplished mathematically, as the population mean = (80934 + 78110.48 + 80,340 + 84716.5)/5 = 64,890.196 $. In a sampling distribution of means, the populations mean (?) has been found to always equal to the sampling distribution (?x) mean. ... From the initial knowledge the standard error of the distribution becomes ?x = ? = 64,890.196$. It is also possible to use the relation ?x = ? * sqrt( 1/n - 1/N to find the standard error of the sampling distribution becomes, which is given by 2943.22 x 0.00137 = 4.03733. Given that the sampling distribution of the mean has been shown to be normally distributed, with a mean of 64,890.196, and the standard error of 4. 03733, in order find the probability that this revenue shall exceed $ 2,2200,000, we shall make use of an online normal distribution calculator. Fitting the these values into a distribution calculator, probability is found to be 0.05. For case II The probability that the revenue shall exceed $, 2,500,000, is found by fitting the values of the standard deviation, the mean and the value $ 2,500,000 into an online normal distribution calculator, which shows that P (

Christian Symbolism In Lord Of The Flies

Christian Symbolism In Lord Of The Flies In the novel the Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, strong parallels have been drawn between Simon and Jesus Christ. In the novel, Simon is described as a Christ-like figure. Although William Golding does not directly connect the Christian symbolism to The Lord of the Flies, we can clearly see that Simon is indeed the resemblance of Jesus Christ for he is a wise, mature and insightful character just as how Christ is known as, being sacrificed as a consequence of discovering the truth regarding the beast, and also, his conversation with the Lord of the Flies corresponds to Jesus Christs confrontation with the devil during Jesus forty days in the wilderness, as told in the Christian Gospels. In the Lord of the Flies, Simon portrays many characteristics similar to those Jesus Christ had while he was on earth. He is a wise, mature, and kind-hearted boy, just like how Jesus Christ is known by all people. These characteristics can be shown during the time when Simon sneaks off and goes into the jungle alone after he has finished helping Ralph in building the shelter. He turned his back and walked into the forest with an air of purpose (Golding 55). From this, we can see that Simon is indeed wise and mature in the sense that he does not want to be involved in the argument between Ralph and Jack. To him, it is merely something of no great concern. Similarly, Jesus withdrew himself from his disciples and went into the wilderness to pray alone, in order to seek the face of God (Holy). Besides, Simon finds and picks fruit for the littluns from spots they cannot reach, then he passes the fruits to their hands (Golding 56). Simon was not at all required to perform this service, yet he did. He did the best he could (Sparknotes). Likewise, Jesus cares for little children too. The Lord even once said, Let the children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these (Holy). Hence, this has shown that Simon and Jesus Christ do have something in common in their personalities. Apart from that, as written by William Golding, Simon is killed sacrificially by the other boys on the island as a consequence of having discovered the truth about the beast. Initially, Simon attempts to explain that the boys themselves, or something related to the human nature could be the beast that all of them are afraid of. He tells them that maybe there is a beast. However, none of boys actually believe him. Furthermore, Ralph even stands up in amazement in regards to Simons point of view about the beast (Golding 89). Nevertheless, Simon knows that the beast is harmless; therefore he must reveal the truth to them. This is due to the fact that he sees the need for the boys to understand the true identity of the beast. In the end, Simon eventually dies as a result of being made the scapegoat for the boys unshakeable fear. As a result of being mistaken as the beast, Simon is leapt on, struck, bit, and tore (Golding 153). Similarly, Jesus Christ is killed for spreading the gospel to all people, as there were some who refused to believe in him. This is the main reason why He was crucified 2000 years ago. The Jewish mocked him, took off his robe, then they led him away to crucify him (Holy). Although Jesus is not sinful, he was killed simply because people did not believe his words. During that time, no one believed that Jesus Christ is truly the Son of God. This is exactly like what happens to Simon in the Lord of the Flies, in which both of them are sacrificed because no one believed in them. Furthermore, Simons conversation with the Lord of the Flies demonstrates some characteristics similar to Jesus Christs confrontation with the devil during His forty days in the wilderness, as told in the Christian Gospels. In the novel, the Lord of the Flies tells Simon that evil lies within every human and because of that, he is going to have some fun. It even tells him to run off and play with the others (Golding 143). Besides, Simon is once again told by the Lord of the Flies that all of them will be unable to escape him, the beast, for it is inside the boys themselves. This somehow foreshadows Simons death in the later part of the novel. This shows that the Lord of the Flies, which is also the physical manifestation of the beast, has now become the symbol of power and evil as well as a kind of Satan figure who induces the beast within each human being (Sparknotes). Therefore, through Simons conversation with the Lord of the Flies, the readers of this novel are then able to know t he truth about the beast that has been haunting all the stranded boys on the island all the time. At the same time, 2000 years ago, Jesus Christ experienced the same thing as Simon does in the Lord of the Flies. Jesus encountered the devil during His forty days in the wilderness. During that time, He had to face Satan. Satan offered Him food, power, and wealth. However, all those were completely rejected by Jesus. He answered Satan by saying Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God (Holy). Hence, from what Simon and Jesus Christ have encountered, where both of them had to face this situation when they are alone, William Golding has clearly portrayed Simon as a Christ-like figure in the novel. As a whole, the character Simon, in the Lord of the Flies is indeed portrayed as the resemblance of Jesus Christ for he is wise, mature, and insightful, having been sacrificed as a consequence of discovering the truth, and also, his conversation with the Lord of the Flies parallels the confrontation between Jesus and the devil during Jesus forty days in the wilderness, as told in the Christian Gospels. William Golding has shown some Christian ideas and themes in his story by developing some parallel ideas between Simon and the Lord Jesus Christ. Nevertheless, readers of the novel ought to always remember that the biblical parallels between Simon and Christ are not exactly complete; hence, they should not necessarily be the primary basis to interpreting the story (Sparknotes).

Extracurricular activity

But today some universities are applying for the student participating in extracurricular activities after classes at school to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning. So some study is done to show the benefits of extracurricular activities. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, many colleges and universities have a broad educational mission to develop the â€Å"whole student. † On college campuses, extracurricular involvement is a key tool in this personal development. For the ajority of college and university students, involvement in extracurricular activities plays an integral role in the collegiate experience.Students become involved in extracurricular activities not only for entertainment, social, and enjoyment purposes, but most important, to gain and improve skills. Youth problem behaviors, such as truancy, violence, and substance use, are alarming to parents, teachers and youth alike. These behaviors disrupt the learning environment and lead to seri ous social and economic problems. Some experts have argued that rather than trying to prevent individual problem behaviors, parents, chools and communities should work towards building a youth's ability to resist the lure of problem behaviors (Dryfoos, 1990; Werner ; Smith, 1992).As youth develop, they need positive settings that offer the opportunity to build these important internal resources (Hawkins ; Weiss, 1985). Researchers and teachers have long suggested that extracurricular activity participation can be an important source of positive influence in the lives of youth (Holland ; Andre, 1987). This Fact Sheet will explore how youth participation in extracurricular activities can encourage positive youth development. . 2. Objective The importance of extracurricular activities on college campuses is well established.The primary goals of extracurricular activities focus on the individual student level, the institutional level, and the broader community level. These activities ex ist to complement the university's academic curriculum and to augment the student's educational experience. According to a 1993 article by Alexander Astin, almost any type of student involvement in college positively affects student learning and development. Extracurricular activities provide a setting to become involved and o interact with other students, thus leading to increased learning and enhanced development.Specifically, a student's peer group is the most important source of influence on a student's academic and personal development. By identifying with a peer group, that group may influence a student's affective and cognitive development As the development of the well-rounded individual is a principal goal of extracurricular activities on college and university campuses, the numerous experiences these activities afford positively impact students' emotional, intellectual, ocial, and inter-personal development. By working together with other individuals, students learn to neg otiate, communicate, manage conflict, and lead others.Taking part in these out-of-the-classroom activities helps students to understand the importance of critical thinking skills, time management, and academic and intellectual competence. Involvement in activities helps students mature socially by providing a setting for student interaction, relationship formation, and discussion. Working outside of the classroom with diverse groups of individuals allows for tudents to gain more self-confidence, autonomy, and appreciation for others' differences and similarities. Students also develop skills specific to their career path and imperative for future job success.Students have opportunities to improve their leadership and interpersonal skills while also increasing their self-confidence. Extracurricular involvement allows students to link academic knowledge with practical experience, thereby leading to a better understanding of their own abilities, talents, and career goals. Future employ ers seek individuals with these increased skill levels, making hese involved students more viable in the Job market. Specifically, participation in extracurricular activities and leadership roles in these activities are positively linked to attainment of one's first Job and to managerial potential.Student involvement in extracurricular activities also positively impacts educational attainment. Ernest T. Pascarella and Patrick T. Terenzini's 1991 research indicates that extracurricular involvement has a positive impact on attaining a bachelor's degree and on educational aspirations. Students who are actively engaged re more likely to have higher educational ambitions than uninvolved students. Finally, extracurricular activities focus on institutional goals, such as building and sustaining community on campus as well as student retention.As campuses become more diverse, students desire an environment in which they feel connected to others and to the university. Extracurricular activit ies provide a place for students to come together, discuss pertinent ideas and issues, and accomplish common goals. Within this community, where students feel comfortable with one another, learning and evelopment are enhanced and student retention is positively impacted. According to Vincent Tinto's 1987 research, students will be more likely to persist in college if they feel they have had rewarding encounters with a college's social and academic systems.Through extracurricular participation, students frequently interact with peers who have similar interests, providing social integration into the college environment. As a result, involved students view their college years as a positive experience and feel they are a vital part of the university, resulting in higher retention rates. 1. 3. Organization Chapter 1 of this study introduced the problem statement and described the specific problem addressed in the study as well as design components. problem addressed in this study.Chapter 3 presents the methodology and procedures used for data collection and analysis. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter will provide discussion some of the positive effects in student development based on participating in extracurricular activities. In addition, this chapter will also describe how extracurricular activities can effect personal, social and academic development in a positive manner. 2. . Introduction 2. 1 . 1. Definition: â€Å"Extracurricular activities are those that fall outside the realm of the normal curriculum of school or university education, performed by students† (Wikipedia).Extracurricular activities are opportunities to engage in extensions of academic activities and/or non-academic activities under school auspices. In special circumstances, for example, when there are budget or scheduling constraints, extracurricular activities may provide experiences that would otherwise be offered within the school day. (wiseGEEK. org) Extracurricular can be valuable experience. If you have a career or study interest that you can pursue outside the classroom, take advantage. Think you might be interested in medicine? Try volunteering at a local hospital.Are you destined to be a writer? Join your school's newspaper or literary magazine. These activities can help give you a strong foundation should you decide to pursue them further, academically or professionally. (The Princeton Review) 2. 1. 2. Extracurricular types: These activities are generally voluntary as opposed to mandatory, non-paying, social, philanthropic as opposed to scholastic, and often involve others of the same age. Students often organize and direct these activities under faculty sponsorship, although student-led initiatives, such as independent newspapers, are common.There are many types of extracurricular activities: Athletics, Clubs, and Competitions†¦ 2. 2. Benefits of Extracurricular Activities: There are many schools today that provide a lot of extracurricular activit ies. Some occur before school, some after school, and a few may even take place on the weekends. While some people are a bit dubious about participating in extracurricular activities, these activities actually bring with students many benefits. Allowing tudents to get involved in extracurricular activities at school is a wise choice, and it can be very important in helping them to develop many working skills, people skills, and more.Here is a closer look at some of the benefits of extracurricular activities for students in university 1) Learning Time Management and Prioritizing Esteem One great benefit of students being involved in extracurricular activities is that need to learn how to control a variety of different tasks in school & life as well, and getting involved in these activities can give them some practice at it. 2) Getting Involved in Diverse Interests Getting involved in extracurricular activities also allows students to get involved in diverse interests. It is important for students to be very diverse in their interests.These activities allow them to explore various interests that they may have. 3) Learning About Long Term Commitments This is another excellent benefit. Students learn about long term commitments when the Join one of the activities or clubs. They commit themselves to that activity for a period of time. If they have some troubles which they must try to solve for keeping up to their end of the deal, they will learn how to overcome difficult in any ase. If not, no doubt they'll hear about it from their peers and perhaps even teachers when they give up. ) Making a Contribution Extracurricular activities allow students to make a contribution in some way. It shows that they are getting away from Just thinking about themselves and contributing to something else. They will be taught about receive ; giving. 5) Raises Self-Esteem There are many students that feel worthless or that there is nothing they are good at. Everyone wants to find some thing that they are really good at, and extracurricular activities provide them with a way that they can get involved in omething and really shine, giving their self-esteem a boost. ) Building Solid Relationship Skills Students need to get involved in social activities and learn how to appropriate act in social situations and these activities give them a chance outside of school to do this, while they are still being supervised by adults. 7) Looks Great on Jobs Applications Another benefit of Joining extracurricular activities is that it looks great on Job applications. Most employers not only look at grades, but they take a look at extracurricular activities that students are involved in while they are in university.They want to see that students are getting out there and doing more than Just book work. The activities that teens are involved in reveal a lot about them, and definitely will say something to your boss in future. THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY Objective: Giving benefits that extracurricular activities bring to students and teachers. Helping students and teachers understand the positive impact of the extra- curricular activities in teaching. 2. 3. Research design This study is designed to research about Benefits of Extracurricular Activities in Teaching by: *Exploratory in questions with students and interview with teacher.Explanatory and analysis reaction of students ; teacher with extracurricular activities This study is following a mixed research design between a qualitative about rate 2. 4. Data sources: Many data sources will be used in this study but main data sources is narratives, transcript of interviews and survey data. 2. 5. Data collection techniques: Narratives: we will ask some students to talk about extracurricular activities which they had. Transcript of interviews: we'll invite some teacher for interview about effective of extracurricular activities and reaction of students in their department.Interviews will e tape-recorded. Survey dat a: we'll create a survey online with yes/no questions and send to student as much as we can via social network, email, instant messenger. Google Drive will be used as a tool to create a survey online and data will be saved and summarized. A personal data sheet requested demographic data in addition to the responses to the ten survey questions. The survey instruments were distributed to the students enrolled at Department of International Relationship. The students returned the completed surveys on the internet throughout two week. 2. 6. Issues of reliability and validityInterviews will be tape-recorded. Survey online will get information as name, email of students who do the survey. Data of survey online will be accuracy rate each questions, each answer on graph by Google. We will try to get pictures as evidence for the story about extracurricular activities which are narrated. Interviewing teacher, maybe some teachers didn't organize an extracurricular activities. Survey online may be some students don't like do any survey or theyre not finish the survey, we will delete unfinished survey to get accuracy rate from Google. 2. 7. Sampling techniquesWe will use yes/no questions in questionnaire of survey online for students and open question is used to interviews teachers. 2. 8. Definitions of key terms, concepts and variables â€Å"Google Drive is a file storage and synchronization service provided by Google, which enables user cloud storage, file sharing and collaborative editing. Google Drive is the home of Google Docs, a suite of productivity applications that offer collaborative editing on documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and more†. (Wikipedia, Google Drive) â€Å"Google Forms is a tool that allows collecting information from users via a ersonalized survey or quiz.The information is then collected and automatically connected to a spreadsheet with the same name. The spreadsheet is populated with the survey and quiz responses. † (Wikipedia, Google Docs) LIST OF SOURCES – This document is using Template for a Master's proposal of vwwv. unisa. ac. za Questionnaires for take survey from students: Purpose: about reaction of student after activities, which benefits did they get? Please complete the following by ticking the appropriate box or writing a comment: 1. Does your course have any outdoor activities in studying? Yes No Don't know 3 2.Do you like those activities in course? Yes 3. How did you feel when you study in extracurricular activities? Best Normal Not Bad Bad 4 5 4. How much percent of lessons did you get from extracurricular activities? 5. Do you want to study more extracurricular activities in your course? Yes 6. Who will control in your extracurricular activities? You, the student or the teacher? Student Teacher Don't Know 7. Who will work more than other? The student or the teacher? 8. Can you compare between the way which you study indoor & outdoor? ln- class After-class 9.Do you see any preparati on of your teacher for the extracurricular activities? Is it too much things to do? Yes 10. Where are important factors to have extracurricular activities more interesting, attractive†¦? Student Collaboration Script to interviews teachers: Interviewer: Hello Teacher, I'm really thank you for spending a little time enjoy in our research. Our conversation will be tape-recorded, Are you agree with that? Teacher: † Interviewer: So can I know what your full names and where you teach? Teacher: Interviewer: Did you make any extracurricular activities for your students? *Yes 0 Interviewer:So what is it? How did you prepare for those activities? Do you think that activities help your students in study ; experience? Can you share with us about your students' reaction with your extracurricular activities? Can you compare between extracurricular activities and teaching in class? Which one more effective? 0 Interviewer: Did you think about make any extracurricular activities for your student? *Yes 0 So you thought about that but why don't you make any *No 0 So I think maybe you catch some weakness of extracurricular activities to decide not make any activities in your teaching, didn't you?

A balance scorecard analysis of compaq computer corparation

Compaq which comes from two words COMPatibility And Quality was founded in 1982 by Rod Canion, Jim Harris and Bill Murto with each of them investing $ 1,000 as starting capital for the organization.They tapped two key marketing executive from IBM company (Jim D’Arezzo and Sparky Sparks) in the early eighties who really helped in the positioning of Compaq as a household brand name in its early years with the assistance of other executives such as Ross A. Cooley, Michael Swavely, Mr. Colley.  Over the years, it grew to become one of the most successful PC manufactures company with a commanding market share and knocking out some of its competitors along the way. However it later merged with its biggest competitor in 2001.GROWTH OF COMPAQHaving being founded in 1982, Compaq announced its first product (Compaq Portable) in November 1982 which was released to the market in 1983. this was a start with a success being able to sell out 53,000 units in its first year at a price of $29 95. This was the start of the rolling of f of a number of its product which included the Compaq Deskpro in 1984, the Compaq Deskpro386 in 1986 and the Systempro (a server) in 1989. Compaq Deskpro 386 was an even bigger success and a mile stone as Compaq was able to set itself as a supplier of choice making IBM lose its image of technical leadership.The early 90s was Compaq dominating the market for servers driving off quite a number of competitors off the market in a price war. The late 90s was Compaq buying other technology companies becoming the second largest computer maker in the world.Things changed in 2001 as Compaq went into a merger with Hewlett-Packard changing their symbols from CPQ and HWP respectively to HPQ. Just like every other corporate merger, the merger between Compaq and Hewlett-Packard was faced with difficulties but this was worse as the two were global giants in the technical industry with the biggest challenge being bringing them together ‘without sacrif icing the customer-centric approach that divided them’.BALANCE SCORECARD‘A balance scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business industry, government and non profit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improving internal and external communication and monitor organization.This tends to transform the organization strategic plan from an attractive but passive document into one that the organization uses on a day basis in its decision making’. (Balance Scorecard Institute 2008)Kaplan and Norton developed and linked it to firms’ strategic objectives to performance measurement. They also recommended broadening the scope of the measures to include

Supriya Panjiyar Essays (1464 words) - Demography, Gender Studies

Supriya Panjiyar Essays (1464 words) - Demography, Gender Studies Supriya Panjiyar Dr. Cherry English 1302-71016 13 November 2017 The Gender of a Child Should Not be Pre selected The practice of determining the gender of a child before its birth via different techniques is preselection of gender of a child. With the advancement of new technologies and equipment in science the determination of the gender of a child has become easier and convenient. The various methods to include the gender of a child include fertility method like manipulating the sex chromosomes a child, post-birth method like adoption, infanticide. There are also new technologies like ultra-sound screening, in-vitro fertilization and sex selective abortion. Sex selection methods have raised a lot of ethical and moral arguments. The advancement in the technology has raised the number of gendercides and giving up baby for adoption just because the gender of a child is not what the parents had preferred. Gendercide is a very critical issue since a child is basically being murdered just because of its gender. People perform gendercides through abortion for different reasons. One of the main reaso ns for abortions is preference of sons over daughter. Several parents in various parts of the world abort their unborn child just because of its gender that is why the gender of a child should not be preselected. Especially in countries like India, China, South Korea, Iran, etc. the gender of a child is preselected just for the preference of son. "Case 1. A couple with four healthy daughters desire a son. They request prenatal diagnosis solely to learn the fetus's sex, in the absence of any medical indications. They tell the doctor that if the fetus is a female they will abort it. Further, they say that if the doctor will not grant their request for prenatal diagnosis they will have an abortion rather than risk having a fifth girl.Case Case 3. An immigrant woman from an Asian nation where sons are strongly preferred requests prenatal diagnosis for fetal sexing. She already has three daughters and says her husband will divorce her, send her home, and "throw her on the dung heap" if she has another."(Wertz et al. 1) Both of the cases above clearly indicates that most of the parents perform preselection of their child for the sake of preference of a son. This practice has been prevalent in countries like India, China and other regions of the world since several decades. Desai claims that "By 'disappearing', I mean British Indian communities in this country are failing to produce the number of girl babies that science tells us to expect, which, broadly speaking, is 950 girls for every 1,000 boys." Sons are preferred over daughter just because they think that sons will keep the family name running while the daughters will be sent to others home after marriage. Another reason for abortion of daughters is the dowry system which still exists in the rural regions of these country. The sex selection method of a child maybe costly but it is not more costly than raising a daughter and sending her off to someone else's home after marriage with dowry. This mentality has led several parents to commit genderc ide. Talking about another country China the one-child policy has given rise to preselection of gender. Since, the parents can have only one child, they prefer to have a son rather than a girl. Many families in China prefer male children for better family income. The female children are seen as less valuable in labor and unable to provide more family income. Especially in rural areas where farm, harvest and work fields are the main sources of income. Other aspects like family name inheritance and preserving of family tradition by male child are also the reasons of preselection of gender. Many arguments have been raised whether selection of sex of a child has been beneficial or has it led the human desire to a darker side. There can be parents who choose to know the gender of a child just for the sake of balancing their family. For example a couple who already has a son may prefer to have a daughter as a second child. There are arguments that preselection of the sex of the child can improve the quality of life

Strengths and weaknesses of the Baldrige Award

Strengths and weaknesses of the Baldrige Award Introduction The Baldrige award came to be in 1987 when the death of the secretary of commerce Mr. Malcolm Baldrige. The full names are Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, and the award is funded by congress through the secretary of commerce.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Strengths and weaknesses of the Baldrige Award specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The sole essence of starting this award was to promote the organization to have promoted total quality management among American companies for easier ushering them to 21st century. Total quality management seeks to ensure that an organization continually improves, as well as keeps in mind the satisfaction of the customers. In short, it seeks not to achieve perfection but to continually keep improving the organization’s services and achieve the highest level of success. The Baldrige criteria has evolved from being business oriented to accommodate ot her sectors of the economy. Some of these sectors include the following manufacturers, small businesses, Education, services industry, and healthcare. Other counties of the world have come to adopt it in the production since globalization has hit the world. All this can be attributing to the fact that there are achievable benefits by incorporating it especially in the business world. Strengths and weaknesses of the Baldrige Award There are various strengths that are so much of benefit to any organization in the world. To start with, organizations have been stimulated to improve their quality and productivity so as to gain recognition while at the same time having a competitive edge and gaining profits. The fact that there is recognition of the best performing companies when it comes to the quality means that a company will continual to strive to be among them since it promotes the image of a business organization. The fact that the award also runs through all sectors of the economy means that they are all enticed to achieve a high efficiency and through this, the whole economy develops (Davis et al., 1999). Applicability is another strength found in Baldrige criterion. The meaning of this is that it can be applied to all organizations irrespective of their size. It is also not discriminative to the type of industry involved, whether it is service or manufacturing, all of them are included. The same is extended to sectors of the economy, as it is applicable to both the public and private sectors of the economy. Awareness is also brought out through the existence of this award. The challenge of foreign firms is highlighted and as statistics have shown United States, national growth and competition has been low in the last two decades. There is also the impact in knowledge it offers to companies and business organization in various sectors of the economy. Facts like the circumstance that poor quality costs consume about 20% of all the revenues in the country have been revealed through it. In addition, essential information has been unveiled to various organizations, among them are the benefits that are accrued due to having quality products. For example, having quality products means a higher productivity is achieved and that same time it minimizes the cost of producing them (Leonard, 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Enhancement on the strategic planning of the quality and quality movement has also been experienced. The achievement of this is through a desired commitment to have excellence in the both manufacturing and services industry. In turn, the economy has been improved as well as the ability to compete in the global market. It improves the cost the quality of manufactured goods. The cost of production has also been minimized by having knowledge of how to improve the productivity of workers and usage o f statistics to control cost. Quality is also improved as the company incorporates measures that are able to improve the company’s competitive edge through having products of high quality (Evans, 2008). It also ensures that the consumers demand are met, indirectly Baldrige award ensures that the demand of the consumers are considered as well as been put into perspective as it is one of the requirement necessary to remain competitive in the market. Only with the satisfaction of the consumers does an organization continue to remain in the market, and this is one of the most important things management should consider doing. The focus of the company’s strengths and weaknesses is also considered. It is important for the organization to ensure that they maintain the strengths they have in the market and subsequently try to minimize the weaknesses that may be putting them down in their fighting of the market conquest. A plan should therefore be put in place to ensure that an organization puts the weaknesses in controllable position so that they do not hinder them in achieving their goals. There has also been improvement in the performance where a place of excellence has been achieved (Cartin,1999). The approach has been integrated in nature and some of the results achieved include the following; the capabilities of the organization have been improved as well as the effectiveness in the organization. The delivery of the services has also improved, which has in turn resulted to success in the market place. Though there are so many strengths that are associated in this award there has been also an experience of weaknesses in it. It requires the organization to have significant time and resources to achieve such an award. As it has always been said, any success has to be achieved with an amount of sacrifice the organization sacrifice a lot of time in trying to do research that may get them results of what they need to improve on. In addition, a good number of resources have to be included for such success to be achieved. The resources range from qualified personnel and monetary resource. Some small companies may lack some of this resources and that is why some of them are finding nit hard to compete against big and established organization. A lot of commitment is also needed to run such a system needed to reach the greatest level of success that Baldrige talks of (Wilson,2005).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Strengths and weaknesses of the Baldrige Award specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The problem may be exaggerated further by senior leaders in the organization who may have misgiving in the long-term commitment of system thinking. The fact that it may sometimes take a long time to achieve Baldrige standard means that there is dangers that seniors in the organization may not comprehend it. Finally, the complexity of the criterion is also a weakness in it. S ome organization may find it hard to work with such complex measures to achieve the defined success. Conclusion A Baldrige criterion is one of the best methods a business can incorporate to achieve success in its operation. The fact that it is inclined to ensuring satisfaction among the customers ensures retaining of the customers as well as having a broader base of customers. The good thing with it is it does not aim at achieving perfection but rather a high level of quality at whatever size the organization has since even the small organization can get to enjoy it. Establishment of Baldrige award is one of the best thoughts to have been put in someone’s mind. The fact that each company seeks recognition means that each and every company will act in a way to achieve it, and what better way to promote the economy of a country than this? References List Cartin, T. J. (1999). Principles and practices of organizational performance excellence. Wisconsin: ASQ Quality Press. Davis, M., Aquilano, N. J., Chase, R. B. (1999). Fundamentals of operations management. Boston: Irwin, McGraw-Hill. Evans, J. (2008). Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence. Ohio: Cengage Learning. Leonard, D. ( 2007). The executive guide to understanding and implementing the Baldrige criteria: improve revenue and create organizational excellence. Wisconsin: ASQ Quality Press.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wilson, J. P. (2005). Human resource development: learning training for individuals organizations. London: Kogan Page Publishers.

Chemistry of hazardous materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chemistry of hazardous materials - Essay Example High Explosives Accident, 2004). The chemicals involved in this particular explosive accident include TNT or trinitrotoluene in the first room where the initial explosion took place and where the workers were dealing with boosters, which were in fact made up of TNT. The other chemical was PETN or pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which was present in the neighboring rooms and was actually the main chemical component of the drying explosives (Sierra Chemical Co. High Explosives Accident, 2004). The interaction of chemicals involved mainly the solidification of the base material for boosters – namely TNT and other high explosives, and their ensuing explosion that caused the explosion of the PETN in the neighboring room. Based on the reconstruction of evidence conducted by the U. S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, apparently one worker left in the booster room around 50 to 100 pounds of base material made up of TNT and other high explosives in a pot. As no other worker or operator utilized the base material, it solidified due to the extremely low temperature on the outside. The next day, while assuming that the base material in the pot had been used, he may have turned on the motor to the agitator blades right away without checking whether the pot was empty or not. This triggered the first explosion. The reason for this is that â€Å"the heavy mixer blade had probably become embedded in the hardened explosive† (Sierra Chemical Co. High Explosives Accident, 2004). The ensuing explosion must then have caused heavy debris to rain down on the PETN drying explosives which was 220 feet away from the building, thus causing the secondary explosion (Sierra Chemical Co. High Explosives Accident, 2004). Before the incident, the U. S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration or OSHA had required that certain safety systems for hazardous chemical operations should be

Health Care Policy in USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health Care Policy in USA - Essay Example In this context it is necessary to study the health policies incorporated by the developed countries like the United States of America. A study of the general condition of the health policies is USA is undertaken and analyzed to identify some of the limitations of the health care system. The US healthcare: The overall healthcare system in the United States has taken a rapid progress over the century. The formalization of the US healthcare system occurred in 1990s when medical licensure was incorporated by the government. Hospitals started serving the public in the 1920’s. However the accreditation of the hospitals was started much later after privately owned heath insurance evolved in the market. The effective participation of the government in the US heath care policy was evident when the government started sponsoring the Medicare and the Medicaid policy back in the year 1966 (Greenwald 22-25). The participation from the government also came into picture when the government s tarted providing benefits to the diseased children belonging from low income family. US maintains a variety of health policies, however the overall marginal benefit arising from the health care services is often very small. An initial surgery in cancer does not cost much to the patients but the cost of radiation and chemotherapy involves a greater expense which reduces the overall benefit the patients receive from the health care facilities. The additional treatments which patients had to incur are not covered by the heath policies and the overall utility which the patients receive becomes hugely insignificant. The disadvantaged people are also not on the receiving ends of high end facilities The criteria for eligibility under the disadvantaged quota is a matter of concern ,and most of the undocumented immigrantsare barred from the service. However the immigrant’s forms a greater part of the US population and the government should also try their best to deliver for their caus e. The overall heath care costs in the country are borne by the taxpayers, health insurance agencies, and various other government agencies. However over the past decade the general consumers have borne a large part of the tax. In recent times various participants in the US healthcare policies have tried to shift the cost among each other This has lead to the increased resistance from various groups for receiving higher health care without much increase in the overall cost towards the service. The increase of cost in the health care system has endangered the condition of the poor section of economy.The healthcare system and policies in USA is of voluntary in nature and it has two definite purpose of taking the care of the health system in USA, through the preferential pricing and also at the same time it provides a financial protection from unprecedented increase in the overall cost of healthcare. The heath care policy also looks after the benefits of the doctors and the insurance p roviders by providing financial stability in their business. (Greenwald 22-25) Health care policies in US: The US government follows three-tier health system, which are National Health Service (NHS), social health insurance (SHI), and private health insurance. In matters of publichealthcare, the US government has three popular policies which are Medicaid and